Investigating the Prognostic Value of Pretreatment Body Composition in Women with Ovarian Cancer: Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Benna-Doyle, S; Laing, E; Baguley, BJ; Hardcastle, N; Abbott, G; Kiss, N

Author(s): Benna-Doyle, S; Laing, E; Baguley, BJ; Hardcastle, N; Abbott, G; Kiss, N;
Details: Publication Year 2026-05-04,Volume 18,Issue #9,Page 1478
Journal Title: Cancers
Publication Type: Research article
Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In ovarian cancer, the association between low muscle mass and outcomes is unclear, despite well-established evidence in other cancer diagnoses. Overall body composition may have greater prognostic value. This study aimed to investigate associations between body composition and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective study of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer between August 2020 and March 2024. Clinical characteristics were extracted from medical records. Body composition phenotypes (low skeletal muscle index [SMI], low skeletal muscle density [SMD], high subcutaneous [SATI], visceral [VATI] and total adipose tissue index [TATI]) were assessed from pre-treatment CT images. Logistic regression, chi-squared, Fisher's exact tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess associations between body composition phenotypes, patient characteristics and study outcomes. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to examine associations with survival. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients [mean (SD) age 61 (12.7) years, 80% stage III/IV] were included. Overall, 67 (67%) women had low SMI, 57 (57%) low SMD, and 49 (49%) high TATI. Thirty-seven (37%) women had low SMI and low SMD, 23 (23%) low SMI with high TATI, and 33 (33%) low SMD with high TATI. Post-menopausal status was associated with higher VAT (p = 0.004). Low SMI or low SMD co-occurring with high adiposity was associated with a 1.91-2.03 and 2.15-2.49 higher hazard mortality. There was insufficient or weak evidence of an association between body composition and other treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest additive effects when phenotypes co-occur. In ovarian cancer, singular assessments may be an oversimplification. Future studies should continue to consider co-occurring phenotypes to adequately capture risk.
Publisher: MDPI
Keywords: body composition; menopause; muscle mass; ovarian cancer; survival; treatment outcomes
Department(s): Nutrition and Speech Pathology; Radiation Oncology
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18091478
Open Access at Publisher's Site: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18091478
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: Refer to copyright notice on published article.

Creation Date: 2026-05-28 04:25:02

Last Modified: 2026-05-28 04:25:26