The evolving role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Across the disease spectrum
- Author(s)
- Ladwa, R; McLean, LS; McGrath, M; Liu, J;
- Journal Title
- EJC Skin Cancer
- Publication Type
- Review
- Abstract
- Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have an established role as the primary treatment for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) with deep, durable and rapid responses. Their integration into the multidisciplinary management of resectable cSCC is expanding with positive studies in the peri-operative space. Adjuvant cemiplimab has demonstrated improved disease-free survival in those with high-risk disease following surgery and radiation, while in the neoadjuvant setting its use has led to complete pathological responses in 50 % of patients. This has prompted a response-adapted approach to study design, exploring the potential for the omission of surgery and/or radiation with reduced morbidity and functional impairment. Early-stage disease provides the next target for the incorporation of ICIs into the treatment paradigm, however ongoing research is required to overcome challenges such as ICI resistance and defining predictors of response. This article provides a comprehensive review of ICIs’ evolving role in the management of cSCC in advanced through to early-stage disease and highlights areas of unmet need and future directions in redefining the standard of care.
- Keywords
- Cutaneous SCC; Squamous cell carcinoma; Immunotherapy; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; PD-1 inhibitors
- Department(s)
- Medical Oncology
- Publisher's Version
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcskn.2025.100767
- Open Access at Publisher's Site
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcskn.2025.100767- Terms of Use/Rights Notice
- Refer to copyright notice on published article.
Creation Date: 2026-01-16 02:13:47
Last Modified: 2026-01-16 02:14:35