Incorporating Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography in Management Decisions for Men with Newly Diagnosed or Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Details
Publication Year 2023-06,Volume 83,Issue #6,Page 521-533
Journal Title
European Urology
Publication Type
Review
Abstract
CONTEXT: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising molecular target for prostate cancer (PCa) that has allowed the development of a novel diagnostic approach to PCA in the primary and recurrent settings. OBJECTIVE: To summarize available data and recommendations regarding the use of PSMA in newly diagnosed and recurrent PCa via a narrative review. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Scopus. The search strategy included meta-analyses, reviews, and original studies on staging and restaging with (68)Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Studies comparing PSMA-targeted imaging and conventional imaging suggest superior performance of PSMA-targeted imaging in primary and recurrent PCa, albeit with several clinically relevant limitations. Pretreatment (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT allowed more accurate PCa staging in compared to routine practice for high-risk cases, and identified a number of otherwise unknown metastatic lesions. In biochemically recurrent PCa, PSMA PET can reveal sites of recurrence with greater sensitivity and specificity than conventional imaging, potentially detecting a major proportion of occult disease. This review will help providers in applying the most up-to-date and relevant literature to (1) determine which patients truly have oligometastatic disease and (2) ascertain who is most likely to experience a meaningful response to local consolidation in the biochemical recurrence setting. CONCLUSIONS: Data on PSMA diagnostic studies in primary and recurrent PCa highlight the accuracy and clinical application of PSMA PET. While this review and the evidence to date might lead to a perception of superiority in metastasis directed therapy, fundamental lack of phase III clinical trials with clinically meaningful outcomes are yet to be determined. PATIENT SUMMARY: PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) scans have shown great promise for initial evaluation of prostate cancer (PCa) and in detection of PCa recurrence. The benefits are more apparent for initial staging of PCa. There are more limited clinical trial results for PCa recurrence on how best to use this new technique to guide cancer treatment.
Publisher
Elsevier
Keywords
Male; Humans; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods; Prostate/pathology; Positron-Emission Tomography; Gallium Radioisotopes; *Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy/drug therapy; Biochemical recurrence; Positron emission tomography; Prostate; Prostate cancer; Prostate-specific membrane antigen
Department(s)
Cancer Imaging; Surgical Oncology
PubMed ID
36404204
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