The role of antibacterial prophylaxis in high-risk neutropenia: benefits, risks, and current perspectives

Douglas, AP; Stohs, E; Mikulska, M

Author(s): Douglas, AP; Stohs, E; Mikulska, M;
Details: Publication Year 2025-08-01,Volume 38,Issue #4,Page 281-289
Journal Title: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
Publication Type: Review
Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the benefits, risks and specific considerations surrounding antibacterial prophylaxis (ABP) in adults with neutropenia, focusing primarily on high-risk patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) and/or hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). RECENT FINDINGS: There has been an overall reduction in benefit of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis (FQP) observed in recent studies, with a lack of overall mortality benefit and less efficacy in reducing Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI) rates, which may be explained by increasing rates of fluoroquinolone resistance (both on center-level and patient-level) and improved early sepsis management. In the context of FQP, epidemiology of BSIs has changed with greater Gram-positive BSIs and resistant Gram-negative BSIs. SUMMARY: ABP, most frequently FQP, has been introduced since the 1980s with the aim of reducing rates of infection and mortality. While older meta-analyses support its efficacy in reducing episodes of febrile neutropenia (FN), BSI and most importantly mortality, more recent data report lack of benefit on mortality, and negative impacts such as rising antimicrobial resistance, and in the broader literature, safety concerns for FQP. The role of ABP in neutropenia has been increasingly questioned and should be considered at a center-by-center and an individual-patient level.
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
Keywords: Humans; *Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods/adverse effects; *Neutropenia/complications/drug therapy; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects; Hematologic Neoplasms/complications; *Bacteremia/prevention & control; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects; Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use; antibacterial prophylaxis; fever; hematologic malignancy; hematopoietic cell transplantation; neutropenia
Department(s): Infectious Diseases
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000001114
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: Refer to copyright notice on published article.

Creation Date: 2025-06-02 01:58:38

Last Modified: 2025-07-22 06:23:49