Increased SARS-CoV-2 IgG4 has variable consequences dependent upon Fc function, Fc receptor polymorphism, and viral variant

Aurelia, LC; Purcell, RA; Theisen, RM; Kelly, A; Esterbauer, R; Ramanathan, P; Lee, WS; Wines, BD; Hogarth, PM; Juno, JA; Allen, LF; Bond, KA; Williamson, DA; Trevillyan, JM; Trubiano, JA; Nguyen, TH; Kedzierska, K; Wheatley, AK; Kent, SJ; Arnold, KB; Selva, KJ; Chung, AW

Author(s): Aurelia, LC; Purcell, RA; Theisen, RM; Kelly, A; Esterbauer, R; Ramanathan, P; Lee, WS; Wines, BD; Hogarth, PM; Juno, JA; Allen, LF; Bond, KA; Williamson, DA; Trevillyan, JM; Trubiano, JA; Nguyen, TH; Kedzierska, K; Wheatley, AK; Kent, SJ; Arnold, KB; Selva, KJ; Chung, AW;
Details: Publication Year 2025-02,Volume 11,Issue #9,Page eads1482
Journal Title: Science Advances
Publication Type: Research article
Abstract: Repeated mRNA COVID-19 vaccination increases spike-specific immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) titers. Here, we characterized the influence of increased IgG4 titers on a range of Fc-mediated responses. Elevated spike-specific IgG4 reduced binding to FcγRIIIa and decreased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. However, in individuals with lower total spike-specific IgG, IgG4 acted in synergy with other IgG subclasses to improve FcγRI and FcγRIIa binding and consequently antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Furthermore, this trend was more pronounced with more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants where vaccination induced comparably lower total spike-specific titers. These observations were further confirmed by in silico modeling where antibody subclass concentrations and FcγR polymorphisms were modulated. Collectively, we illustrate that the impact of elevated IgG4 titers upon Fc functions is dependent on multiple interconnected antibody and antigen factors, which should be taken into consideration when dissecting the mechanisms driving an effective Fc-mediated response following vaccination.
Keywords: Humans; *Immunoglobulin G/immunology; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics; *Receptors, IgG/metabolism/genetics/immunology; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/genetics; *COVID-19/immunology/virology; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology; *Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology; Polymorphism, Genetic; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology/genetics; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology; Phagocytosis; Receptors, Fc/genetics/metabolism/immunology; Male; Female
Department(s): Infectious Diseases
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads1482
Open Access at Publisher's Site: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ads1482
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: Refer to copyright notice on published article.

Creation Date: 2025-03-14 07:06:18

Last Modified: 2025-03-14 07:08:56