Grainyhead-like (Grhl) Target Genes in Development and Cancer

Gasperoni, JG; Fuller, JN; Darido, C; Wilanowski, T; Dworkin, S

Author(s): Gasperoni, JG; Fuller, JN; Darido, C; Wilanowski, T; Dworkin, S;
Details: Publication Year 2022-03-01,Volume 23,Issue #5,Page 2735
Journal Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publication Type: Review
Abstract: Grainyhead-like (GRHL) factors are essential, highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) that regulate processes common to both natural cellular behaviours during embryogenesis, and de-regulation of growth and survival pathways in cancer. Serving to drive the transcription, and therefore activation of multiple co-ordinating pathways, the three GRHL family members (GRHL1-3) are a critical conduit for modulating the molecular landscape that guides cellular decision-making processes during proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration. Animal models and in vitro approaches harbouring GRHL loss or gain-of-function are key research tools to understanding gene function, which gives confidence that resultant phenotypes and cellular behaviours may be translatable to humans. Critically, identifying and characterising the target genes to which these factors bind is also essential, as they allow us to discover and understand novel genetic pathways that could ultimately be used as targets for disease diagnosis, drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. GRHL1-3 and their transcriptional targets have been shown to drive comparable cellular processes in Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish and mice, and have recently also been implicated in the aetiology and/or progression of a number of human congenital disorders and cancers of epithelial origin. In this review, we will summarise the state of knowledge pertaining to the role of the GRHL family target genes in both development and cancer, primarily through understanding the genetic pathways transcriptionally regulated by these factors across disparate disease contexts.
Keywords: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism; *DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism; Drosophila/metabolism; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics; Mice; *Neoplasms/genetics; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism; Zebrafish/genetics/metabolism; cancer; development; grainyhead-like; target genes; transcription factor
Department(s): Laboratory Research
PubMed ID: 35269877
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052735
Open Access at Publisher's Site: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052735
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: Refer to copyright notice on published article.

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