A review of the utility of prognostic tools in predicting 6-month mortality in cancer patients, conducted in the context of voluntary assisted dying

Treleaven, L; Komesaroff, P; La Brooy, C; Olver, I; Kerridge, I; Philip, J

Author(s): Treleaven, L; Komesaroff, P; La Brooy, C; Olver, I; Kerridge, I; Philip, J;
Details: Publication Year 2023-12,Volume 53,Issue #12,Page 2180-2197
Journal Title: Internal Medicine Journal
Publication Type: Review
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Eligibility to access the Victorian voluntary assisted dying (VAD) legislation requires that people have a prognosis of 6 months or less (or 12 months or less in the setting of a neurodegenerative diagnosis). Yet prognostic determination is frequently inaccurate and prompts clinician discomfort. Based on functional capacity and clinical and biochemical markers, prognostic tools have been developed to increase the accuracy of life expectancy predictions. AIMS: This review of prognostic tools explores their accuracy to determine 6-month mortality in adults when treated under palliative care with a primary diagnosis of cancer (the diagnosis of a large proportion of people who are requesting VAD). METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was performed on electronic databases Medline, Embase and Cinahl. RESULTS: Limitations of prognostication identified include the following: (i) prognostic tools still provide uncertain prognoses; (ii) prognostic tools have greater accuracy predicting shorter prognoses, such as weeks to months, rather than 6 months; and (iii) functionality was often weighted significantly when calculating prognoses. Challenges of prognostication identified include the following: (i) the area under the curve (a value that represents how well a model can distinguish between two outcomes) cannot be directly interpreted clinically and (ii) difficulties exist related to determining appropriate thresholds of accuracy in this context. CONCLUSIONS: Prognostication is a significant aspect of VAD, and the utility of the currently available prognostic tools appears limited but may prompt discussions about prognosis and alternative means (other than prognostic estimates) to identify those eligible for VAD.
Publisher: Wiley
Keywords: Adult; Humans; Prognosis; *Suicide, Assisted; *Neoplasms/therapy; Palliative Care/methods; Uncertainty; cancer; palliative care
Department(s): Palliative Care
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.16081
Open Access at Publisher's Site: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.16081
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: Refer to copyright notice on published article.

Creation Date: 2024-01-23 04:00:47

Last Modified: 2024-01-23 04:01:24